What is Autism?

What is Autism?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects the way the brain processes information, which can impact how the individual experiences their environment, relationships, and stimuli.

A diagnosis of ASD now includes several conditions that used to be diagnosed separately: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger syndrome. These conditions are now all called Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism is characterized by social/communication impairments and by restricted and repetitive behaviors. Additionally, 80-90% of individuals with autism experience sensory processing differences and/or deficits in executive functions. The combination of characteristics can all vary in degrees of impact and may impact how an individual functions in daily life functions such as school, work, and social interactions.

One in 44 children are diagnosed with ASD by age 8. Boys are four times as likely to be diagnosed than girls, which can be attributed to various factors, including: the tendency for girls to camouflage or mask their symptoms, the tendency for other diagnoses to be named – such as depression, anxiety, or personality disorders, and the fact that an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis is based upon data derived almost entirely from studies of boys.

Research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. These services can help children learn important skills, including therapy to help the child talk, walk, and interact with others.

Much of what is discussed is how symptoms or challenges related to autism might present themselves. We would be remiss not to talk about the many abilities and strengths that commonly accompany the challenges. A goal for all of us should be to learn how we can minimize the challenges to allow the strengths and abilities to shine through.

Some of these strengths can include:

• Honesty

• Rule following

• Attention to small detail

• Preference for routine tasks

• Detailed knowledge of specific subjects

• Pattern recognition

• Strong memory skills

• Creativity

• Alternate forms of expression

• Intense concentration

• Reliability